Strategies of Infosys Technologies Ltd

Strategies of Infosys Technologies Ltd Strategic management Strategic management defines the art of planning the business to the positive level. It is the duty of the companys leader to make an effective strategic plan. Strategic management focuses on building a solid underlying structure to the business Strategic management relies on three important factors: 1. Businesss objectives? 2. Ways to achieve those objectives? 3. Resources required to achieve those business objectives Strategic management helps in allocating right amount of resources to the different parts of business so that those resources will help achieve the strategic goals. The workers should be provided with necessary training, all information, data and work process are tested. This would help the organisation lead in a successful path, organisation needs are met, the work are aligned together enabling companies to move up in facing to new changes and competition Leadership Peter Drucker: The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers. To gain followers requires influence but doesnt exclude the lack of integrity in achieving this. Indeed, it can be argued that several of the worlds greatest leaders have lacked integrity and have adopted values that would not be shared by many people today. John C Maxwell : leadership is influence nothing more, nothing less. This moves beyond the position defining the leader, to looking at the ability of the leader to influence others both those who would consider themselves followers, and those outside that circle. Leader is one who leads the others, either in right way or the wrong way, that all depends on the leader. Leadership qualities are inbuilt which should be developed, good leadership is easier to practice in an organization. Good leadership requires deep human qualities. In todays world good leaders are made and they act as enabling force in developing people and organization. Leadership qualities help in achieving peoples needs and organisational needs. Effective leadership requires good attitudes and behaviours which relate to humanity. Leadership involves decision making and actions, leaders are one important person because they have unique responsibility towards people and organisation. They should acquire skills and knowledge to perform organisational activities. They should be strong by emotion and behaviour characters this would help in understanding and resolving employee issues The strategic management and leadership are deeply aligned with each others, if both are taken in right path it would lead to organisation success. Today in this competitive world the number 1 companies of all sectors is because of the effective leadership and strategic management. Both these are like eyes of an organisation one cannot survive without the other. For example the worlds richest man Carlos slim is one good example for leadership and good strategic management; he has 90% of the telecom sector in Mexico. He is the leader and he planned in such a way that the organization has grown from a initial stage, step by step it attained gradual growth and now it is well known in the world, there are so many organisation which were very popular and now they do not have an existence; do you think why it happened to those organisation, it is because it could be a change in the leader or could be a poor strategic management. There are occasions where bankrupt organisations rise up in t he market this also happens because of the leader and strategic management. 1.2 1.3 The role of leadership in management is largely determined by the Organizational culture of the company. It said that managers belief, values and assumptions are critical importance to the overall style of leadership that they adopt. There are different leadership style that can be identified Within each of the following management techniques. Autocratic The word Autocratic itself defines self oriented, the leader him self is the decision maker, he dominates his team members, he always uses force to achieve objectives, this type of leadership approach will result to resistance from team members, the team members will find it hard to cooperate with the leader because the leader will have a continual pressure on his team members to get the output. This type of approach is carried by many leaders I the organisation, as far as people has done a research on leadership style and it was said this leadership style is not a good way to get things done, even though it is practices in many places it yields a good result. Lassie faire This leadership style has little or no control on his ream members, it reflects that the leader is no way bothered about the result or the team members, the team member have to perform their roles and duties, they need to tackle upon the difficult situation without the leader, the team members will perform to an extent because they do have little motivation and direction. This kind of leadership style is effective when people are subject matter expertise, highly motivated and skilled people. The leaders will not set any goal for them, they need to create their own and work towards achieving it. Democratic The word democracy defines for the people, by the people and of the people, many countries in the world follow democratic type of rule, similarly organisational Leaders follow democratic leadership style, here leaders make decision by consulting his team members because each one think differently from different perspective, here the leader has possibilities where in he could pick the best choice or upgrade his ideas based on the feedback given by his team members but still he gains control over the team. The team members will decide how the task be completed who will be the right person, here there are possibilities of identifying the strength of each and every Individual, here participation will be one main aspect, team bonding, group work, group discussion and equal delegation of work is possible, team can perform well in this case. Although every thing happens in team the responsibility of the result or output will affect the team leader. Motivation and direction will be an important factor of this leadership style. Today most of the corporate, software and BPO industries in the world follow this kind of leadership style and I believe this as the most successful leadership style. Transactional The leader sets some standards for every individual, the follower or the individual is rated based on the performance standard. This is basically set in every organisation for every department. This leadership style is useful to analyse the performance review and rate the employees Transformational This leadership style creates a change in every individual, it has the ability to inspire and motivate employees to achieve new heights, this style depends only on the leader. This leadership is successful when the leaders decision is right. Charismatic This leadership style creates a positive approach in an environment, the leader is been inspired by the team member, here the leader is considered friendly, easy approachable, the team members will have a great opinion on the leader, the team members would walk with the team leaders opinion. This type of leaders are the most successful in the organisation. They bring change to environment in the organisation and people in the organisation Visionary This leadership style focuses on the future, it is a kind of prediction, and they work on attaining the organisational objectives. They put focus on where they are and what they want to be. They work to attain the future goals. Background of the company Infosys Technologies Ltd. was started in 1981 by 7 people with USD 250. Today, we are a global leader in the next generation of IT and consulting with revenues of US$ 5.7 billion. Infosys defines, designs and delivers technology-enabled business solutions that help Global 2000 companies. Infosys also provides a complete range of services by leveraging our domain and business expertise and strategic alliances leading technology providers. Infosys pioneered the global delivery model (GDM), which emerged as a disruptive force in the industry leading to the rise of offshore outsourcing. The GDM is based on the principle of taking work to the location where the best talent is available, where it makes the best economic sense, with the least amount of acceptable risk. Infosys has a global footprint with 65 offices and 59 development centers in India, China, Australia, the Czech Republic, Poland, the UK, Canada and Japan. Infosys and its subsidiaries have 127,779 employees as on December 31, 2010. Infosys takes pride in building strategic long-term client relationships. Over 97% of revenues come from existing customers (FY 10). This organisation Infosys has different leadership style. They do follow autocratic, democratic, lassie faire, transactional, transformational and visionary leadership styles. Autocratic: There are certain departments in Infosys where in they follow autocratic style. This depends on how the process is to be done. They get instructions from their clients to work on a project, the leader delegates the work to their team members. The team members works on the project and completes it as per the instruction from their leader. Democratic: The IT sector of Infosys has several project, they work on the home page and navigating page of some web pages like Google, twitter etc. here the leader asks for the suggestion from the team members, upon debate and discussion and acceptance from team members and team leader, the project continues. Lassie faire: The team leaders give their deal line to their subordinates to work on the project. If suppose the deadline is a month they do not care for the first 20 days, the 21st day they have a check on the team member, then he cares on the work and at the final stage the work will be completed. Transformational: The team leader delegates work to every individual, a team member may be specialist in programmer, but he delegate the work to other person in the tea and delegate the coding work to the specialist in the programmer, there are possibilities where the team member will learn all sectors of their project, in other part he may get vexed because he is been allotted with some work which he is not related to. Charismatic: We could see several managers in our concern, they have a good understanding about their team members. The leaders know who their members are and what could they do. In similar way the team members understands their leader because the leader would have approached them in a friendly manner apart from leader, the leader inspires them in every aspect so the team member would do anything for them in terms of work.This method of leadership is carried out in every organisation. Even though every employee has dissatisfaction in their job they do it ether they have to do it or for the sake to save their leader from problems. 2.1 2.2 The role of leadership in management is largely determined by the organizational culture of the company. It said that managers belief, values and assumptions are critical importance to the overall style of leadership that they adopt. There are different leadership style that can be identified within each of the following management techniques. Autocratic The word Autocratic itself defines self oriented, the leader him self is the decision maker, he dominates his team members, he always uses force to achieve objectives, this type of leadership approach will result to resistance from team members, the team members will find it hard to cooperate with the leader because the leader will have a continual pressure on his team members to get the output. This type of approach is carried by many leaders I the organisation, as far as people has done a research on leadership style and it was said this leadership style is not a good way to get things done, even though it is practices in many places it yields a good result. Lassie faire This leadership style has little or no control on his ream members, it reflects that the leader is no way bothered about the result or the team members, the team member have to perform their roles and duties, they need to tackle upon the difficult situation without the leader, the team members will perform to an extent because they do have little motivation and direction. This kind of leadership style is effective when people are subject matter expertise, highly motivated and skilled people. The leaders will not set any goal for them, they need to create their own and work towards achieving it. Democratic The word democracy defines for the people, by the people and of the people, many countries in the world follow democratic type of rule, similarly organisational Leaders follow democratic leadership style, here leaders make decision by consulting his team members because each one think differently from different perspective, here the leader has possibilities where in he could pick the best choice or upgrade his ideas based on the feedback given by his team members but still he gains control over the team. The team members will decide how the task be completed who will be the right person, here there are possibilities of identifying the strength of each and every Individual, here participation will be one main aspect, team bonding, group work, group discussion and equal delegation of work is possible, team can perform well in this case. Although every thing happens in team the responsibility of the result or output will affect the team leader. Motivation and direction will be an important factor of this leadership style. Today most of the corporate, software and BPO industries in the world follow this kind of leadership style and I believe this as the most successful leadership style. Transactional The leader sets some standards for every individual, the follower or the individual is rated based on the performance standard. This is basically set in every organisation for every department. This leadership style is useful to analyse the performance review and rate the employees Transformational This leadership style creates a change in every individual, it has the ability to inspire and motivate employees to achieve new heights, this style depends only on the leader. This leadership is successful when the leaders decision is right. Charismatic This leadership style creates a positive approach in an environment, the leader is been inspired by the team member, here the leader is considered friendly, easy approachable, the team members will have a great opinion on the leader, the team members would walk with the team leaders opinion. This type of leaders are the most successful in the organisation. They bring change to environment in the organisation and people in the organisation Visionary This leadership style focuses on the future, it is a kind of prediction, and they work on attaining the organisational objectives. They put focus on where they are and what they want to be. They work to attain the future goals. Background of the company Infosys Technologies Ltd. was started in 1981 by 7 people with USD 250. Today, we are a global leader in the next generation of IT and consulting with revenues of US$ 5.7 billion. Infosys defines, designs and delivers technology-enabled business solutions that help Global 2000 companies. Infosys also provides a complete range of services by leveraging our domain and business expertise and strategic alliances leading technology providers. Infosys pioneered the global delivery model (GDM), which emerged as a disruptive force in the industry leading to the rise of offshore outsourcing. The GDM is based on the principle of taking work to the location where the best talent is available, where it makes the best economic sense, with the least amount of acceptable risk. Infosys has a global footprint with 65 offices and 59 development centers in India, China, Australia, the Czech Republic, Poland, the UK, Canada and Japan. Infosys and its subsidiaries have 127,779 employees as on December 31, 2010. Infosys takes pride in building strategic long-term client relationships. Over 97% of revenues come from existing customers (FY 10). This organisation Infosys has different leadership style. They do follow autocratic, democratic, lassie faire, transactional, transformational and visionary leadership styles. Autocratic: There are certain departments in Infosys where in they follow autocratic style. This depends on how the process is to be done. They get instructions from their clients to work on a project, the leader delegates the work to their team members. The team members works on the project and completes it as per the instruction from their leader. Democratic: The IT sector of Infosys has several project, they work on the home page and navigating page of some web pages like Google, twitter etc. here the leader asks for the suggestion from the team members, upon debate and discussion and acceptance from team members and team leader, the project continues. Lassie faire: The team leaders give their deal line to their subordinates to work on the project. If suppose the deadline is a month they do not care for the first 20 days, the 21st day they have a check on the team member, then he cares on the work and at the final stage the work will be completed. Transformational: The team leader delegates work to every individual, a team member may be specialist in programmer, but he delegate the work to other person in the tea and delegate the coding work to the specialist in the programmer, there are possibilities where the team member will learn all sectors of their project, in other part he may get vexed because he is been allotted with some work which he is not related to. Charismatic: We could see several managers in our concern, they have a good understanding about their team members. The leaders know who their members are and what could they do. In similar way the team members understands their leader because the leader would have approached them in a friendly manner apart from leader, the leader inspires them in every aspect so the team member would do anything for them in terms of work. This method of leadership is carried out in every organisation. Even though every employee has dissatisfaction in their job they do it ether they have to do it or for the sake to save their leader from problems. CONTINGENCY THEORY Every leader has different working style and he is contingent to situational factors, capabilities and behaviour of their team members. This theory provides perspective and management based on the priority, it started with the dependency, depending on the people needs and requirement this concept came into existence, this would give a brief of which material is required and which is not required by the people. So the organisation with the contingency theory can work on the requirement. Task 3 3.1 3.2 Globalisation: Effective management and leadership are two most important factors of an organisation, many organisation fail because of the poor leadership, in this global world two third of employers admit that they have poor leadership development. Today in this global market, a leader with good leadership qualities are welcomed every part of the world, there are some disadvantages because they do not have their own customer base, the customers are worldwide and they have to serve every customers, same way competition plays a major part on the opportunity, relocation of employees also happens because of globalisation, it is the business knowledge, awareness, understanding cultural difference, commitment towards job, personal and professional integrity which makes an individual a good leader. The management recruits or looks for those kind of person in leadership role Ethics and corporation: Leader is also a human like others, the reason being he has developed certain qualities; people rate the behaviours such as performance management and personal management. More over the leader should treat his followers fair with ethics; he has to enhance employee management more than performance management. Treatment of all employees fair and equal, easy approachable, keeps on his commitment, no favourites, supports employees and appreciates when does a good job, supports personal development of employees, ongoing feedback in business. These are the key aspects where in the manager or a leader should possess. Corporate social responsibility Organisational operations are of two types inner circle and outer circle, inner circle is the process that happens within the people and the process i.e the quality of the management, the other one deals with the outer world, in what ways the society and the outer stakeholders look at the organisation, mostly people look at the outer part how has the company done in terms of product and services, how it is been familiar within people based on environment and workforce, its financial analysis and focus on the future. When the organisation grew the people in the organisation should grew with good change in the economic and environment changes to the society, many organisation in this country follow CSR to advertise themselves to the market and would like to get interest in people and stakeholders Merger and acquisition Merger is merging one organisation with the other and acquisition in acquiring or controlling another organisation, this happens to enlarge its business in the global market, quality staffs with good knowledge about the market, when one business is underperforming so to lift up merger or acquisition takes place, to increase the customer base, to make production and provide service, to be one among the competitive organisations of the world. Apart from this there are even certain disadvantages that could take place because of merger and acquisition, things go wrong when nothing happens as expected. 3.3 We are not now as we were 20 years ago, day by day everything changes but we could not realise it now, when we look after years we could see everything has changed, similarly our planet is changing with change in countrys economy, standards, and way of living. Even the organisational structure changes with change in leaders, the leaders should be distinct with their attitudes, they are the one who are going to deceide on the future, their decision affects them as well as their followers, so he should be good in knowledge, personal and professional skills, he shouls be trained in all aspects of the organisation, deision making and problem solving. These attitudes will create a change in the working environment and that would lead the organisation to a successful path. 4.1 4.2 Leaders are the one who leads others, they know more than the followers because they are going to lead them, in order to lead them the leader should be well trained in all aspects, the organisation should provide training through professionals, course that would be useful in implementing it in organisation, seminars and workshop, which can provide some experience for the leaders. Formal learning: Formal learning is usual training that is provided to the leaders in educating them about the specifications, formal training differs as per the persons. Self help Self help is improving from one point to other without the help of others, here we need to understand who we are and what needs to be done in improving ourselves. Development activities Training, courses, job rotation, executive coaching, monitoring, reading article etc are some of the development activities that takes place in every Organisation, the leader should be trained on one or more aspects, if he undergoes such development activities he would attain certain leadership skills, that could be executed in his professional career, he could understand the followers attitude and mentality and help them when required, if possible he could train them with these qualities and make them a future leader. My leader at Infosys was amazing, he understands his team members and cope up with them during hard situations, he undergoes training that are allocated to him by the organisation and training that are done by leading professionals in the market, he wasted to educate him self in all aspects, reading books, browsing through web and listening to speech made by top man in every organisations, he allocates himself in every job shifts giving equal importance to every individual in team and monitoring them. These methods shape in every individual with required development in leadership skills. sdjbsj 1.1 link http://www.teal.org.uk/leadership/definition.htm 1.3 http://www.infosys.com/about/what-we-do/pages/index.aspx

A Model to Aspire to: The Mother of Modern Management Essay

The Victorian Age, which refers to the times and events in Europe during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) of England has come to connote a particular standard of living and a certain status of women indicative of female servitude, subservience and oppression. Mary Ann Burki believes that literature provides a valuable means of understanding the lives of Victorian women, a means that cannot be attained in history books or encyclopedias. (Burki, 1975) Women of that time were the product of the attitudes and feelings of the time, and the subject of this essay, Dr. Lillian Moller Gilbreth, was likewise, but she managed to achieve greatness despite Victorian age attitudes and obstacles. Although faced with the obstacles of living her day to day life as a faithful and obedient wife with a similar work ethic as that of a man but focused on the home, Lillian Moller Gilbreth managed to achieve a level of greatest that surpassed most of the women in her time. Lillian Moller Gilbreth was born in Oakland California on May 24, 1878. In a time when it was common for women to be forced to aspire at nothing more than marriage, motherhood and becoming a governess, Dr. Gilbreth managed to become a prolific author, the recipient of many awards, a mother of 12 and the â€Å"mother of modern management,† (Carey and Gilbreth, 1948, 1963; Carey and Gilbreth, 1950) perhaps the first true American superwoman of note, (Maisel and Smart, 1997) a woman who successfully combined career and home life. Unlike another notable woman who lived between 1850 and 1950, the miserly and hated Hetty (Howland Robinson) Green, â€Å"The Witch of Wall Street† (1835 – 1916) who parleyed a $10 million inheritance into over $100 million, mistreated her son, viewed her husband as a useless burden and cut him off, Lillian Gilbreth lived a happy married life, raised a large family and managed to achieve greatness sufficient to leave a significant legacy in two separate disciplines, psychology and engineering, for others to follow. (Sullivan, 1995) During her life, Dr. Gilbreth advised Presidents from Herbert Hoover to Lyndon Baines Johnson. Background and Education: Lillian, the oldest of nine children, was born as Lillian Evelyn Moller to William and Annie Moller. Due to her mother’s poor health, Lillian’s education began when she was 9. She was a good student who enjoyed literature and music and traveled across the U. S. during her school years. Despite his pride in her daughter, Lillian’s father, a prominent business who was influenced by the Victorian notions at the time regarding women, did not believe in higher education for women or that women should attend college. (Maisel and Smart, 1997) Although she ultimately made her mark in psychology, both her bachelor’s and master’s degree were in literature and her goal upon entering college was to teach English. Lillian attended the University of California at Berkeley where she obtained a Bachelor’s of Art in 1900 and a Master’s of Art in 1902. Although she completed her requirements for a Ph. D. in literature at U. C. Berkeley, she did not receive the degree. When she received her BA in literature, she became the first woman to speak at a University of California commencement. Lillian met her future husband and business partner, Frank Bunker Gilbreth (1868 – 1924), in 1903 when she took a break from her studies to travel abroad. At the time, Frank who was ten years Lillian’s senior was already developing motion-study techniques in an effort to eliminate wasted motions and increase productivity in his construction business. Frank and Lillian kept in touch by mail for ten months while she was in Europe and he proposed to her three weeks after her return. Subsequently, Frank, who never went to college, started a consulting business and Lillian worked tirelessly at his side as they began their study of scientific management principles together. They were married on October 19, 1904.

Leadership Style of John F. Kennedy

What were the leadership styles of John F. Kennedy? Kennedy was born in May 29th 1917 in Massachusetts and was a son to Joseph Patrick Kennedy and his mother was Rose Fitzgerald. He was a university graduate from Harvard where he graduated in 1940.   In 1946 being a democrat he became the president of USA. He was widely traveled and a strongly advocated for civil rights and improved social welfare. It is at this time as a president of USA that his leadership qualities were witnessed and developed. He was much admired by people because he knew how to present himself to the public. His leadership style was greatly influential and has been admired by many up to date. For now I’ll limit my scope to look at his leadership styles.His first leadership style was taking responsibility. Taking responsibility involves accepting that you are solely accountable for all of your actions. Most people when they do mistakes point a finger of accusation to others. They do not want to acknowled ge their involvement. People develop a strategy that is referred to as escapism. According to (Naegele T D. 2005) John F. Kennedy, when things in a country go wrong, people blame the president but he said that there is nothing wrong with people saying that as the head of state is paid to lead the state therefore for that reason he should be held accountable. For example when the military operation to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro in 1960s failed, he accepted that United States failed to accomplish its mission without blaming the war strategists, his advisors and the government that was before him. He said, â€Å"victory has a hundred fathers but defeat is an orphan.† He was simply referring to those who never accept their wrongs.Learning from mistakes as well as from failures was another tactic he used. This implies that you should revisit the history to know where others have erred or where yourself have gone wrong so that you can rectify your mistakes. This leade rship style was well portrayed on 16th October 1962 when the U-2 air plans captured photo acts of Khrushchev, the soviet leader placing nuclear bombs in Cuba. This was an open threat to the U.S and it was able to read between the lines to know that all was not well. (Barnes J. A. 2007). Kennedy did not want to engage his country in another war after the Second World War though there was no way he could let them to do whatever they wanted. He took the necessary measures by taking his navy to block soviet’s further plans. It was clear what Soviet Union wanted though they claimed they had no malice aforethought. They accepted to with draw their war weapons from Cuba and even accepted to dismantle the remaining ones.He was well aware of the damage that was caused by USA when it dropped a bomb at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and therefore he did not want a repeat of the same. Thus, he capitalized on this situation to sign a pact to agree that they would never test nuclear weapons on the earth. He also acted first in installing a direct line from his white house to Kremlin to avoid future misconceptions like in this case. (Reeves T., 1997)Compassion Mr. John F. Kennedy was a very compassionate person. He was very concerned with the welfare of others. He strongly advocated for increase of the foreign aid to the third world countries. He also created a department of the Peace Corps. He was determined to assist the underdeveloped countries in as much as he could. His scheme of Peace Corps was geared towards promoting peace in the Latin America, Africa and Asia. This Peace Corps amounted to ten thousands. He asked his citizens not to be expecting good things always. He also urged them to be patriotic and that is why during his inauguration in 1961 he challenged people that â€Å" Ask not what your country can do for you but rather what you can do for your country†. He was pursuing his foreign policies just to build mutual trust among nations and to inculcate a c ulture of interdependency.Always be a team leader. Kennedy being the president of United States of America was like he was leading a team. He was able to bring people together to work as a team for their well being. He said that a leader should be able to bring people together and should be able to lead his people in the right direction for example he steered America clear of the racial injustices and lead his team in exploring the world. (Schlesinger A., Jr. 1998) Basically a team leader is somebody who guides, instructs and directs his people in the right direction. Many people admire a leader who lead by example and that is why john F. Kennedy became so popular in the whole world. He weighed all the decisions before they could be implemented. He always listened carefully to the needs of the citizens. A team leader must be a decisive person and that is how john Kennedy was. For example he led a meeting to discuss on the missiles in Cuba. He wanted to hear the views of his people b efore he could act. (Schlesinger A., Jr. 1998)Kennedy was articulate and spoke his mind openly. It takes a strong person to stand in front of the people to express your thoughts. This depends on the trust you build with your people if you do not have a good relationship with citizens then you cannot have the guts to stand in front of people to give your thoughts. If you are an effective leader then people will follow your footsteps. As Kennedy once said, â€Å"courage is not complacency†. He took it upon himself to argue for civil rights act in 1960 and was able to get seventy of the votes that were cast. He also tried to convince the congress to provide free health care to all those that were above 65 years old though his proposal was rejected. He never failed to say what was in his mind as he was aware that it was the only way he could express his thoughts to the people. Many people were influenced by his words and today he is severally quoted.He was challenging Americans n ot to just sit down and wish the status quo would remain but they should strain their every nerve to improve on what they have.To influence many people then you must learn to be a great communicator. People who speak fluently command a great following. Kennedy himself was not that good in speaking especially when he talked to the congress for the first time but later he improved on his communication skills and with time he was able to drop his regional accent, talking without pausing and also talking too fast. He did all this when he became the president of United States of America. He became the best orator ever who spoke with a lot of enthusiasm. His speech passed the intended message and created the impact he wanted for example when he was talking on the Vietnam War he said, â€Å"No other challenge is more deserving our effort and energy.Our security may be lost piece by piece, country by country†. Here he was condemning the communism that was spreading in Asia. He believ ed that if the South Vietnam were to become a communist state then countries such as Laos, Cambodia, Burma and others that were non-communists would follow soon. He strongly convinced Americans using this speech that America was ready to confront problems no matter what to support their allies and oppose their enemies in order for liberty and peace in the world would be realized. (Clark.D. 2005)This speech had profound effects on many because he knew how to play on worlds a young man became touched and decided to join the United States marines. This man said that he felt challenged by that speech by asking what the youth were doing for their country. He decided to join this department to show loyalty for his country.We can conclude this essay by saying that were it not for John Kennedy’s leadership skills he would not have gained popularity as he is today. He used various strategies to lead his people as the president of USA. He was decisive, confident and accountable for all his actions. He communicated fluently something that influenced Americans very much. He was a role model who led by an example, many people started behaving and dressing like him.Reference:Schlesinger A., Jr. 1998. John F Kennedy Revisited: A noted historian and Kennedy Administration insider refutes the revisionist version of JFK's legacy. http://www.cigaraficionado.com/Cigar/CA_Archives/CA_Show_Article/0,2322,4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   00,0.html Clark.D. 2005. Leadership – Character and Traits http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadchr.html Schoenberg P. E., 2000. Kennedy on Leadership, http://www.presidentialexpert.com/leadership_john_f_kennedy.html Barnes J A. 2007. John F. Kennedy on Leadership: The Legacy and lessons of a president. New York Reeves T., 1997. A Question of Character: A Life of John F. Kennedy. Three RiverPress.Naegele T D. 2005.Ronald Reagan and John F. Kennedy: A  Question of character.http://www.naegele.com/documents/ReaganJFK.pdf.

Research on the Effects and Causes of Global Warming Essay

â€Å"All across the world, in every kind of environment and region known to man, increasingly dangerous weather patterns and devastating storms are abruptly putting an end to the long-running debate over whether or not climate change is real. Not only is it real, its here, and its effects are giving rise to a frighteningly new global phenomenon: the man-made natural disaster† (Barack Obama, April 3, 2006). What could be causing these extreme weather patterns? Scientists say that it is the gradual increase of the temperature over the entire earth. Global warming is the increase in the average temperature all over the earth. Global Warming is a major problem in the world today and is argued among all of the world leaders. I am going to talk†¦show more content†¦With these extra gases in the atmosphere, more solar radiation is captured and reflected back down to the earth’s surface (Energy and the Environment). This is the problem that the world has made and now we need to find the solution to this. There are many gases that are emitted into the atmosphere that implicate the acceleration and poutiness of the greenhouse effect. These gases are called the greenhouse gases; they are all a natural part of the atmosphere, but because of human interaction they are increasing drastically. They are: carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro fluorocarbons, per fluorocarbon, and sulfur hexafluoride, these seven gases are aiding in the acceleration of global warming (Energy and the Environment). Carbon dioxide is a gas made up of one carbon and two oxygen atoms; when infrared radiation enters the molecule it begins to shake rapidly thus shooting radiation back out towards the earth (The Greenhouse Effect). When this occurs the molecule is empty again and is allowed to have another greenhouse gas emitted into it; this cycle is called the absorption-emission-absorption cycle (The Greenhouse Effect). This cycle is a main attributor to th e heating up of the earth’s surface. The other six of the main greenhouse gases go through this cycle and with all of these gases absorbing and reemitting radiation back towards the earth the radiation levels have increased drastically. TheShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming Controversy667 Words   |  3 PagesGlobal warming is defined â€Å"as an increase in the average temperature of global surface air and oceans since about 1950† (White). 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Global warming is caused by the increase of greenhouse gasses, carbon dioxide and methane primarily, in the earths upper atmosphere directlyRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Impact On The World1042 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Yarely Juarez Jack F.Macy Intermediate School Abstract Global warming is a topic that concern many scientists and other people. lbis paper will be stating on the causes,history, technology, and etc. Inthis research paper you will find most of the history of global warming, how it has had a impact on the world, how it impacts us and our daily lives, and etc. Also I (Yarely Juarez) will be stating what are the planning or direction of this technology. Many 7t11Read MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1630 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Related Threats Global warming will lead to uncontrollable devastation such as famine, war, and economic instability. Climate change will accelerate the dislocation of hundreds of millions of people and the extinction of many species. 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