Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Strategy - Essay Example Porter argues that the ability to perform particular activities and to manage the linkages between these activities is a source of competitive advantage.   The above diagram shows an example of a corporate value chain analysis that can be applied to general manufacturing process of a Cadbury’s product. The analysis can help identify the company’s core competencies and weakness throughout the manufacturing process and whether competitive advantage is created or lost because of this. Internal Factor analysis summary (IFAS) External factors Analysis Summary (EFAS) Porter’s five forces applied to Cadbury plc Force Strong/Weak Threat to Cadbury Industry/ Competitor/Competitive rivalry Strong There are three main competitors within the confectionery industry, Cadbury , the market leader followed by Mars and Nestle, The competition between the three companies is very strong and each company aims to be the market leader Corporate strategy Chen et al (2009) states that â€Å" Corporate strategy is primarily about the choice of direction for a firm as a whole and the management of its business or product profile. Cadbury’s corporate directional strategy after their success in 2008 is growth. This is one of Cadbury’s main priorities for the future. Working alongside the company’s business strategy , Cadbury will work towards achieving horizontal growth. This is achieved by Cadbury expanding its products into other geographical locations and/or increasing the range of products and services it offers(Chen et al 2009) Cadbury hope to achieve horizontal growth by focusing on five key brands, Cadbury, Trident, Halls, Green and Black’s and The Natural Confectionary Company Cadbury are doing this as an action towards achieving their vision as it is believed that these brands have the strongest potential in new and existing markets on a global level A key factor towards Cadbury mentioned throughout the report, is lack of sales a nd revenue generated by Cadbury outside of western Europe. Therefore concentrating on specific brands that are thought to be the most successful on a global scale will help the company launch new products in other countries , hopefully

Advice To A Young Man English Literature Essay

Advice To A Young Man English Literature Essay Benjamin Franklin, Founding Fathers of the United States, was born on January 17, 1706 and died on April 17, 1790 aged 84. Franklin was a lead author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a significant figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries as well theories regarding electricity. He invented the glass armonica, the Franklin stove, bifocals, a carriage odometer, and the lightning rod. At the age of 24, Franklin publicly acknowledged an illegitimate son named William. In June 25, 1745, Benjamin Franklin wrote a letter Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress. In this he is advice to a young man on how to channel his sexual urges. He states that a remedy for sexual desire is unknown. His advice would be to take a wife. Having doubts that the intended reader will finally get married; the speaker outlines several advantages of marrying. That the intended reader would succeed in his industry if he gets a healthy wife. According to Franklin, a prudent wife is economical and she is sufficiently a fortune. The author is able to portray a woman as very important in any family (McGovern 10). Incase the above arguments fails; Franklin lists seven explanations why an older mistress is better than a young one. Advantages include greater caution in conducting an intrigue, less risk of unwanted pregnancy, and better conversation. The author advised the young man that his reputation will be safer with the commerce of woman. According to Franklin, a woman is able to safeguard her familys reputations incase of an affair. She is capable of forming a mans manners by her good counsel. Born in St. Johns, Antigua and Barbuda on May 25, 1949, as Elaine Cynthia Potter Richardson, Jamaica Kincaid is an American Caribbean gardener, author and novelist. Throughout the academic year she teaches at Claremont McKenna College in Claremont, California, resides with her family in North Bennington, Vermont, in the summers. In St. Johns, Antigua and Barbuda she was brought up by her mother and stepfather, who was a carpenter, until 1965 at age of 19 where she moved to America, New York to work as an aupair. She changed her name to Jamaica Kincaid since her family criticized her writing, in 1973. She has given birth to a son, named Harold, and a daughter, named Annie, with her former husband Allen Shawn. She recently converted to Judaism a minority religion with minority of Black people. She writes extensively on women and their relationships with one another, especially mother to her daughter to be precise as depicted in her works such as Annie John, Lucy, The Autobiography of M y Mother, and Girl which a collection of stories and was first published in 1983 in At the Bottom of the River. In her poem Girl she talks about the morals and norms imposed on women by the humanity, and at times, their own community and social group as well. Here, the major theme of conflicts between a mother and her daughter and traditional and Western or modern values are portrayed by her effective illustration of daughters relationship with her mother. The literary work was done when St. Johns, Antigua and Barbuda was moving from a colonial state and my people were at crossroads on whether to keep African-based Obeah culture or be assimilated in the British or Western ways (Gioia and Kennedy 379). The speaker in Girl employs the use of constant command which makes obvious that she feels as if she ought to be ruthless and simple with the girl in order for her to be taken seriously. The orator desires the girl to know how to behave, and the only approach she finds in which to do so is by authorizing the girl to do specific chores and making it look like there is alternative way in which to perform them. The orator tries to teach the girl by replicating fine points for instance how to set a table in five diverse circumstances. By demonstrating that there is a great deal to be learned to adequately carry out a simple task such as setting the table, the orator shows the girl that she ought to pay attention and put effort to succeed as a woman. In this way, the speaker acts as a role model as well as a counselor to the girl. The speaker shows that a woman has various roles as well various ways of performing the same task (University of Delhi 88). In both the literary works the writers portray the fact that women are expected to obtain and maintain clothes and are responsible for mens clothing. This is depicted in Kincaids Girl where it begins with laundry: Wash the white clothes on Monday and put them on the stone heap; wash the color clothes on Tuesday and put them on the clothesline to dry; After this the mother comes with demonstration on how you iron your fathers khaki shirt so that it doesnt have a crease; this is how you iron your fathers khaki pants so that they do not have a crease. In Benjamin Franklin, Advice to a Young Man on the Choice of a Mistress prudent healthy Wife is supposed to take care of her husband well so that he succeeds in his profession. This is also seen where the Girl is taught how to prepare and grow different foods. In this family a girl is expected to learn how to fish and to soak salt fish overnight before you cook it. Thus, in the two literary works the women are supposed to be caring of the husband and the rest of the family in terms of general wellbeing of the family. Being economically savvy is a virtue implied by both writers in their works. In the Girl she learns how to shop for bread grow root vegetable, okra and dasheen, and prepare pumpkin fritters, doukona (a coconut, banana and cornmeal pudding) bread pudding and pepper pot. These are humble dishes which are supposed to make ends meet. In Benjamin Franklin, Advice to a Young Man on the Choice of a Mistress a wife is supposed to be with her good Economy, and the husband will be a Fortune sufficient. The art of nursing is required of women in these literary works. This is whereby, as in the case of Girl, she has to learn how to make a good medicine for a cold and in the Benjamin Franklins work the lady has to learn to do a 1000 Services small and great, and are the most tender and useful of all Friends when you are sick. Therefore, the two societies though centuries apart, this knowledge was mandatory for all women and girls who are about to become wives. Behaving well in public places especially in front of men was greatly emphasized whereby the Girl is told this is how to behave in the presence of men who do not know you very well, and this way they wont recognize immediately the slut I have warned you against becoming. The mistress in Benjamin Franklins work Advice to a Young Man they are more prudent and discreet in conducting an Intrigue to prevent Suspicion. Thus both women and girls are supposed to carry themselves with decorum to avoid tainting their images. Being beautiful despite the age and chores that one does is not expected of women in the two literary works. In Advice to Young Man the lady learns how to maintain her attractiveness by having confidence in her by not leaning on looks. The Girl has to be smart even if it means washing with her own spit. In the Girl the mother tells the daughter how to how to bully a man; this is how a man bullies you Thus the woman has a role to play in introducing her daughter to complicated dating world. The mistress in the Advice to Young Man knows how to seduce effortlessly young boys by knowing how to kindly take care of a young Man, form his Manners by her good Counsels. Therefore, dating roles in both works are antagonistic whereby girls are expected to be chased by boys while old ladies seduce the young boys. Therefore, from the above roles of women in both the Girl by Jamaica Kincaid and Benjamin Franklins Advice to a Young Man on the Choice of a Mistress have significant similarities and disparities as also evident in the world today. Both authors represent a different period in time as well as station in life. Franklin is a man of status offering advice to someone he wishes to succeed in life. Franklin appreciate the roles of a healthy woman whereas Kincaid depicts the nurturing the roles of a well behaved woman.

The Cause and Effect of HIV in Africa Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedi

The Cause and Effect of HIV in Africa The ubiquitous acronym HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a virus that gradually weakens the immune system until the body cannot fight off common infinitesimal infections such as pneumonia, diarrhea, the â€Å"flu†, and other illnesses. All of which can be part of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, the final stage of HIV that usually develops between 2 to 10 years after the infection. This infection is frequently transmitted through unprotected intercourse with someone who has already been affected with HIV and is an increasing problem in Africa. This study focuses mainly on the causes and effects of this virus in Africa. HIV is an ongoing battle in many different parts of the world, but it has not affected any other country as strongly and perniciously than in Africa. Out of the 3 million AIDS deaths worldwide, 2.2 million deaths have occurred in Africa. Although the condom is an effective way to prevent the infection of HIV, in many African societies, women are expected and taught to subordinate their own interest to those of their partners. Because of this, many African women feel powerless and give in to having sex for the fear that, if they refuse, they will be raped anyway. Results show that in most African countries, 40% of the young women in Kenya and in Cameroon are coerced or tricked into sexual intercourse. Since wife abuse is widespread, many women do not dare to bring up the topic of condoms for protection against HIV infection for the fear that they would be physically abused. (Women’s Status. July 29, 2005: www.infoforhealth.org/pr/112/112boxes.shtml) In many African cultures, a strong emphasis is placed on having children. This leads to childhood marriage ... ....shtml) 2. (Marriage Practices. July 29, 2005: www.infoforhealth.org/pr/112/112boxes.shtml) 3. (HIV Transmission from Mother to Child. July 29, 2005: www.infoforhealth.org/pr/112/112boxes.shtml) 4. (Rites of Passage. July 29, 2005: www.infoforhealth.org/pr/112/112boxes.shtml) 5. (Sexual Practices. July 29, 2005: www.infoforhealth.org/pr/112/112boxes.shtml) 6. (Assessing Condom Effectiveness. July 29, 2005: www.infoforhealth.org/pr/112/112boxes.shtml) 7. (Aids Orphans Growth. July 29, 2005: www.infoforhealth.org/112/112boxes.shtml) 8. (Children Orphaned by AIDS: A New Challenge. July 29, 2005: www.infoforhealth.org/pr/112/112boxes.shtml) 9. (The Impact of Food Shortages on the Lives of AIDS Patients. July 29, 2005: www.hivafrica.org/article_story.php?indexnum=15) 10. (Social and Economic Consequences. July 29, 2005: www.infoforhealth.org/pr/112/112chap6.shtml)

Computer Crime :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The technological revolution has taken full swing. If a business doesn't have some form of e-commerce, or if a person does not have some form of an e-mail address, they are seen as living in the stone age. This new world of virtual life, where with the click of a button a person can travel millions of miles in a few seconds, millions of new opportunities have arisen. However, someone has to always ruin the good things in life. Very similar to Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter," where the second thing built in a Utopia was a prison, the advent of computer crime is only becoming more prevelant everyday. The whole idea of a computer crime is rather absurd indeed. Really, who wants to go around spray painting on computers anyway? Though the definition of computer crime varies from source to source, the most common being," any illegal act which oinvolves a computer system" (  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "What is a computer..." p.1). This holds true even if the computer contains s omething as simple as a threatening e-mail. Computer crime in nature ranges from relatively small things such as software piracy to magnificent crimes like fraud.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Computer crime itself has metamorphasized from its mere infancy. In the late 1970's, a would-be criminal would need direct access to the actual computer terminal. This is because the most computer crime of that time actually involved hardware sabotage and theft, rather than a more software oriented problem. In the late 1970s and early to mid 1980s, computer crime had elevated a notch with the advent of the inter-schiool network. This network was a connection of several major universities through modem lines. Educated computer users were now changing each others ideas and information, but not for the malicious, but instead for the better. The mid to late 1980s saw the rise of computer "hackers" such as Kevin Mitnick. kevin Mitnick was caught at least a half dozen times, with the charges ranging from criminal tresspassing to fraud. Mitnick had broken into several corporations' servers,n one being the well reknowned Sun Microsystems. When he was arrested Mitnick beca me a martyr and a heron to many teenage computer enthusiasts. These teens would be determined to carry on the symbolic spirit, or what they thought to be, of Kevin Mitnick. However, the computer crimes that thses users perpatrate cost small businesses and corporations millions each year, put restraints on legitimate computer users and still remain an extremely dangerous, costly and virtually unstoppable crime.

Alice Walkers The Color Purple: Celies Struggles Expressed in Letter

Alice Walker's The Color Purple: Celie's Struggles Expressed in Letters "Dear God, Gets me out of here. I needs to love and laugh. I needs to be free of this bastard and these white people." At a very young age, Celie begins writing letters to God. In her letters she explains her fears about her stepfather raping her, her mother and sister being beat, and her fears for her sister, Nettie. This epistolary novel (a novel in which the narrative is carried forward by letters) takes place during the early twentieth century, where slavery still existed in the South, and black people lived discriminating lives. Even though many black Southerners formed tight-knit communities, physical, mental and sexual abuse was still brought on to many of the black women living in the frame of male civilization. In The Color Purple (1983), Alice Walker portrays these harsh realities and struggles through the letters of a young woman named Celie. Celie turns to God after her father says, "You better not never tell nobody but God. It'd kill your mammy" (1). This passage was used by Celie and... Alice Walker's The Color Purple: Celie's Struggles Expressed in Letter Alice Walker's The Color Purple: Celie's Struggles Expressed in Letters "Dear God, Gets me out of here. I needs to love and laugh. I needs to be free of this bastard and these white people." At a very young age, Celie begins writing letters to God. In her letters she explains her fears about her stepfather raping her, her mother and sister being beat, and her fears for her sister, Nettie. This epistolary novel (a novel in which the narrative is carried forward by letters) takes place during the early twentieth century, where slavery still existed in the South, and black people lived discriminating lives. Even though many black Southerners formed tight-knit communities, physical, mental and sexual abuse was still brought on to many of the black women living in the frame of male civilization. In The Color Purple (1983), Alice Walker portrays these harsh realities and struggles through the letters of a young woman named Celie. Celie turns to God after her father says, "You better not never tell nobody but God. It'd kill your mammy" (1). This passage was used by Celie and...

Australian Poets: Oodgeroo Noonuccal Essay

This week we will be talking about an aboriginal poet Oodgeroo Noonuccal, also known as Kath walker, who lived from 1920 until 1993. Oodgeroo came from the Noonuccal tribe in Queensland. Once she had completed primary school she left because she believed that even if she stayed in school there wasn’t the slightest possibility of getting a better. Oodgeroo travelled the world telling others about the dreadful conditions the aboriginals were living under and campaigned for equal rights across Australia. Oodgeroo has published many poems including: Understand old one, Municipal gum, Namatjira and We are going. Although she did not begin publishing her poems until she was encouraged by a well known writer, when she was in her forties. Oodgeroo expresses her opinions on how life has changed for aboriginals through her poetry. This is evident in the poem Understand old one. In this poem Oodgeroo compares what Australia was like for her ancestors to what it is like for her. This poem expresses how life in Australia has changed especially for aboriginals. In the first half of the poem Oodgeroo is talking about how life was for her ancestors. It was calm and serene ? there on the old peaceful camping place of your red fires along the quiet waters’. She uses the soft drawn out words such as ? peaceful’ and ? place’ to help this image. Then she explains what life is like now. The busy cities, cars everywhere, ? towering stone gunyas high in the air’, ? planes in the sky’. It is now noisy and busy. She uses quick short sentences in this part of the poem to help bring across the idea of busyness. Her world is the complete opposite of the world that her ancestors lived in. Oodgeroo uses a metaphor of bees. She compares the swarms of cars in the city to bees to give the image of fast, paced, hustle and bustle of the city. She also uses alliteration to help emphasise the imagery used. She uses the alliteration of ? p’ sounds in the first half of the poem to help bring across the image of serenity and peacefulness. She then uses the repetition of ? s’ sounds (sky, swarm) to give an almost buzzing sound to help with imagery of bees. Finally she uses ? f’ sounds of ? frantic’ and ? flight’ to give the impression of speed. Oodgeroo also expresses her view on the way aboriginals have been treated in her poetry. An example of this is municipal gum. This poem compares the image of a gum tree in a city street and an overworked animal to what has happened to the aboriginal people. Oodgeroo compares the aboriginal people to the gum tree when she says ? o fellow citizen what have they done to us’. She likens the tree to herself giving her and the tree a sense of unity. She does this to help give a picture of how aboriginal people have been treated. She also compares the gumtree to a cart-horse. The gumtree has been removed from the forest and placed in the city with hard bitumen around it just as the poor cart-horse has been abused, ?castrated, broke, a thing wronged’ and ripped out of its habitat and is now depressed and miserable. She uses imagery throughout this poem. Firstly she gives the image of the ? cool world of leafy green halls’ where the tree should be. Then she says ? set in your black grass of bitumen’ giving the image of the tree imbedded in bitumen rather than in green grass. ?Whose hung head and listless mien express’ is giving the image of this animal that is broken, sad and wishing for death because it is so miserable. At the end of this poem Oodgeroo asks the rhetorical question ? What have they done to us? ‘ This gets the audience thinking but it also suggests that this image of a gum tree is just like what has happened to the aboriginal people. It compares the aboriginals to this gumtree stuck in the city instead of its natural place, the country. Oodgeroo often uses language that is spoken by aboriginals rather than proper English in her poetry. For example in municipal gum she says ? here you seems to me’ which breaks grammatical intentionally so that the language is closer to aboriginal spoken language. Another example is in Understand old one when she uses the word ?gunya’ to describe modern buildings. Gunya is the aboriginal word for houses. She purposely uses aboriginal language to create empathy and contrast and make it more aboriginal. Oodgeroo’s many works have been recognised for a number of awards including the Mary Gilmore medal (1970), The Jessie Lynchford Award (1975) and the Fellowship of Australian Writers’ Award. Oodgeroo was inspired by her aboriginal upbringing and heritage to write this poetry. Her father was a major influence. He told her to always be proud of her aboriginality and she was.

Pros and Cons

Nowadays the majority of women prefer hospital when they give birth, though there are other places offering apparent benefits for pregnant women outside the hospital setting. When a woman is preparing for birth she needs to make up decision where to have a baby. Many women would be surprised finding out that hospitals don’t always have available places for women who give birth. Therefore, women are seeking for new places outside hospitals and birth centers are possible the best ones.Hospitals provide only standardized care meaning the women are obliged to do things the hospital’s way without responding to their individual needs. In contrast to hospitals, birthing centers welcome women to walk around, to drink, to eat and to choose the most comfortable position when giving birth. Further, birth centers are claimed to be more private and intimate than hospitals. Patients get acquainted with al staff members and when it is time for women to give birth, she may be the only patient giving birth at that time.One more benefit is that birth centers provide more attention when they teach patients about breastfeed. Speaking about other advantages of birthing centers it is necessary to note that there are fewer medical interventions, higher commitment of medical staff, natural pain relief option, better freedom of movements during birth of baby and, finally, better conditions. Many birth centers provide help of doulas for future mothers.Doulas offer wide range of support for women including massage, aromatherapy, coping techniques and continuous reassurance. Support of doulas result in reduced cesarean rate, epidural requests, analgesia use and forceps delivery. Nevertheless, certain disadvantages of birthing centers exist. For example, centers have no available anesthesia. They have difficulties with transferring from centers to hospitals if there are complications with wither women or infant.Also birthing centers aren’t suited for women expecting tw ins, suffering from diabetes and having high blood pressure. References Birthing Center. Retrieved April 27, 2007, from http://www. americanpregnancy. org/labornbirth/birthingcenter. html Birthing Choices: Care Providers and Labor Locations. Retrieved April 27, 2007, from http://www. americanpregnancy. org/planningandpreparing/birthingchoices. html Rooks, J. & Weatherby, N. (1989). Outcomes of Care in Birth Centers. The New England Journal of Medicine, 321, 26, 1804-1811.